It can definitely be said that lithography has left an everlasting mark on the world of art. This article will uncover the fascinating evolution of lithography, tracing its origins and its transformation into a modern and versatile tool for artistic expression. By exploring iconic lithographic works and artists, as well as providing insights into the innovative methods employed in this medium, we will show you why lithography is cherished by both artists and collectors alike.
What is Lithography?
Lithography is a printmaking technique based on the idea that oil and repulse each other. Invented in 1796 by German playwright and actor Alois Senefelder, lithography instantly revolutionised the world of printmaking and opened new doors for the production of art. Unlike other printmaking methods that involve carving or etching into a surface, lithography is different in that it relies on chemical processes and properties to transfer an image from a surface onto a sheet of paper.
The process begins with a small, flat surface typically made of limestone, however nowadays a metal plate is more often used, and the artist draws or paints the image onto the surface using a greasy material, such as a lithographic crayon or ink. After the artwork is complete, the entire surface is moistened with water, which is repelled by the areas of which the image has been drawn, but that dampens the areas that are bare. Ink is then applied to the entire plate, but due to these previous processes it will only adhere to the areas that the water did not stick to, the artwork. Once the ink is applied, a piece of paper is pressed onto the surface. This transfers the image from the stone or metal plate onto the paper.
Shortly after its invention lithography quickly gained popularity amongst artists due its versatility and its ability to reproduce quite detailed images. Because of this, the 19th and 20th centuries are considered the golden age of lithography, attracting well renowned artists who pushed the boundaries of the medium. Such as Honoré Daumier, who used lithography to carry satirical images commenting on social and political issues, and Henri Toulouse-Lautrec, who utilised lithography for commercial art and advertisements.
Nowadays, lithography’s popularity has waned due to the rise of digital printing, however many contemporary artists continue to embrace this more traditional medium. These artists imbue the process with modern techniques and concepts often combining it with other mediums.
Artists that utilise Lithography:
Honoré Daumier, an influential artist of 19th century France, revolutionised the artistic landscape of the time through his innovative use of lithography. Daumier’s work captured the essence of everyday life in France and often depicted social and political commentary with wit, satire. This includes work such as “Rue Transnonain, le 15 avril 1834”, which captured the socio-political realities of his time. His use of lithography allowed him to produce a vast number of prints, which were widely circulated and accessible to a broad audience, contributing to his rise and influence on public opinion in the time. Daumier had a keen eye for human emotions and societal issues along with technical skill and precision in the process of lithography established him as a pioneering figure in the history of lithography.
Henri de Toulouse-Latrec is another artist that utilised lithography as a vital medium for his artistic expression. A prominent figure of the post-Impressionist movement, Latrec’s fascination with the vibrant nightlife of the Parisian cabaret and the bohemian lifestyle inspired some of his most iconic lithographs. One such lithograph is “Moulin Rouge: La Goulue” which captures the energy and atmosphere of the Moulin Rouge cabaret and the famous dancer La Goulue. In this work Lautrec combines bold lines, vibrant colours and a dynamic composition in a way that could only be done through the medium of lithography. His mastery of this particular medium allowed Lautrec to create visually stunning prints that immortalised the glamour and excitement of Paris, it also established Lautrec as not just a master of lithography but of printmaking as a whole.
In contemporary printing, renowned German-American artist Kikki Smith has made significant contributions to the world of lithography. Smith’s exploration of lithography has resulted in captivating works that blend intricate detail with profound symbolism, such as the work “Lillith”. In this work Smith reimagines the mythical figure of Lillith, drawing on folklore and contemporary feminist interpretations to create a powerful and enigmatic image. Through lithography, Smith has achieved a delicate balance between bold lines and subtle renderings of texture, a relationship that invites viewers into a contemplative exploration of gender, identity and mythology. Overall, Smith’s use of lithography as a vehicle for her artistic storytelling and introspection showcases the versatility and enduring relevance of the medium, and has established her as a visionary artists who pushes the boundaries of printmaking.
Why Collect Lithographs?
Art collectors are often drawn to lithography for various reasons, such as recognising the skill that goes into the techniques, the exclusivity of owning an original limited edition, and the accessibility that processes such as lithography encourage. Firstly, collectors are attracted to the level of mastery and skill that goes into lithography, particularly as, compared to other artistic mediums, lithographs offer a unique blend of craftsmanship and artistic vision. Each print of a lithograph is a testament to an artist’s skill and creativity, making it a valuable addition to any collection.
Furthermore, lithographs are often produced in limited editions, which adds a level of exclusivity and rarity to each work in the edition. Collectors often appreciate the opportunity to own a work of art with a limited number of reproductions, as they see this as enhancing its value and desirability.
Moreover, lithography allows collectors to access works by renowned artists at a more affordable price compared to original one-of-a-kind paintings or sculptures. This accessibility enables many art enthusiasts to build diverse collections and explore all of the various different styles, periods and mediums within the art world. Additionally, the reproducibility that lithography offers allows for the spread of art to a wider audience which can further foster rich cultural exchanges and appreciation for the diversity found in artistic expression.
In conclusion, lithography is a captivating medium with a rich history and an enduring appeal. Whether you are an artist seeking a versatile printing technique or a collector looking for unique artworks, lithography offers vast artistic possibilities and treasures waiting to be discovered. Ultimately, lithography’s ability to blend traditional craftsmanship with modern innovation makes it a timeless choice for anyone passionate about art.